Moreover, between 20, several European countries including Finland, Italy and Spain held 5G multi-band spectrum auctions – the key step for the roll-out of 5G networks.įour main reasons related to telecommunications underlie the increased attention to 5G.įirst, telecommunications are broadly speaking an enabling technology, which can drive economic growth across the entire economy. Advances in software help deliver a better quality of communications by using algorithms on both the original and the received data stream (polar coding).Īgreements on standards and technical issues reached in various forums – including at the Mobile World Congress organised by the Global System for Mobile Communications Association and at the International Telecommunication Union – enabled the entire industrial ecosystem to move forward collectively.Īs a result, by the end of October 2019, 50 mobile operators had launched commercial 5G services in 27 countries. Progress in electromagnetic engineering enables the efficient transmission of data highly resilient to reflection and interference (beamforming and OFDM: orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing).
Technological progress includes changes in the design of the entire network, which allow for enhanced spectral efficiency through numerous signal paths (MIMO: Multiple Input, Multiple Output). While 5G communications became a hotly debated public and political issue in early 2019, the road to 5G started years earlier thanks to progress in technology as well as multilateral standardisation agreements. This will support not only voice and digital conversations but also the massive real-time sharing of data, which characterises the Internet of Things, telemedicine, the running of smart cities, as well as the performance of autonomous cars. From handset-to-handset communications such as phone-to-phone, 5G will enable the transition to machine-to-machine communications. With the arrival of 5G networks, mobile communications will morph into a radically different model centered on high density, large volume, extremely high speed (20x), low latency or delay in data transfer (10x) and power efficiency. In the 1980s, 1G enabled voice calls messaging arrived with 2G in the 1990s 3G brought limited multimedia, text and internet data in the 1990s and early 2000s and, in the late 2000s, true data with access to dynamic information using various devices were made possible by 4G and LTE (‘Long-term Evolution’, a standard for improving wireless broadband speeds to meet increasing demand). 5G is the ‘fifth generation’ in mobile communications.
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